(debian-policy.info)Variable substitutions debian/substvars

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4.10 Variable substitutions: ‘debian/substvars’
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When ‘dpkg-gencontrol’ generates Note: binary package control files.
(‘DEBIAN/control’), it performs variable substitutions on its output
just before writing it.  Variable substitutions have the form
‘${variable}’.  The optional file ‘debian/substvars’ contains variable
substitutions to be used; variables can also be set directly from
‘debian/rules’ using the ‘-V’ option to the source packaging commands,
and certain predefined variables are also available.

The ‘debian/substvars’ file is usually generated and modified
dynamically by ‘debian/rules’ targets, in which case it must be removed
by the ‘clean’ target.

See deb-substvars(5) for full details about source variable
substitutions, including the format of ‘debian/substvars’.