(octave.info)Statements

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10 Statements
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Statements may be a simple constant expression or a complicated list of
nested loops and conditional statements.

   “Control statements” such as ‘if’, ‘while’, and so on control the
flow of execution in Octave programs.  All the control statements start
with special keywords such as ‘if’ and ‘while’, to distinguish them from
simple expressions.  Many control statements contain other statements;
for example, the ‘if’ statement contains another statement which may or
may not be executed.

   Each control statement has a corresponding “end” statement that marks
the end of the control statement.  For example, the keyword ‘endif’
marks the end of an ‘if’ statement, and ‘endwhile’ marks the end of a
‘while’ statement.  You can use the keyword ‘end’ anywhere a more
specific end keyword is expected, but using the more specific keywords
is preferred because if you use them, Octave is able to provide better
diagnostics for mismatched or missing end tokens.

   The list of statements contained between keywords like ‘if’ or
‘while’ and the corresponding end statement is called the “body” of a
control statement.

The if Statement

The switch Statement

The while Statement

The do-until Statement

The for Statement

The break Statement

The continue Statement

The unwind_protect Statement

The try Statement

Continuation Lines