(coreutils.info)Time conversion specifiers

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21.1.1 Time conversion specifiers
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‘date’ conversion specifiers related to times.

‘%H’
     hour (‘00’...‘23’)
‘%I’
     hour (‘01’...‘12’)
‘%k’
     hour, space padded (‘ 0’...‘23’); equivalent to ‘%_H’.  This is a
     GNU extension.
‘%l’
     hour, space padded (‘ 1’...‘12’); equivalent to ‘%_I’.  This is a
     GNU extension.
‘%M’
     minute (‘00’...‘59’)
‘%N’
     nanoseconds (‘000000000’...‘999999999’).  This is a GNU extension.
‘%p’
     locale’s equivalent of either ‘AM’ or ‘PM’; blank in many locales.
     Noon is treated as ‘PM’ and midnight as ‘AM’.
‘%P’
     like ‘%p’, except lower case.  This is a GNU extension.
‘%r’
     locale’s 12-hour clock time (e.g., ‘11:11:04 PM’)
‘%R’
     24-hour hour and minute.  Same as ‘%H:%M’.
‘%s’
     seconds since the epoch, i.e., since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.  Leap
     seconds are not counted unless leap second support is available.
     Note: %s-examples, for examples.  This is a GNU extension.
‘%S’
     second (‘00’...‘60’).  This may be ‘60’ if leap seconds are
     supported.
‘%T’
     24-hour hour, minute, and second.  Same as ‘%H:%M:%S’.
‘%X’
     locale’s time representation (e.g., ‘23:13:48’)
‘%z’
     Four-digit numeric time zone, e.g., ‘-0600’ or ‘+0530’, or ‘-0000’
     if no time zone is determinable.  This value reflects the numeric
     time zone appropriate for the current time, using the time zone
     rules specified by the ‘TZ’ environment variable.  A time zone is
     not determinable if its numeric offset is zero and its abbreviation
     begins with ‘-’.  The time (and optionally, the time zone rules)
     can be overridden by the ‘--date’ option.
‘%:z’
     Numeric time zone with ‘:’, e.g., ‘-06:00’ or ‘+05:30’), or
     ‘-00:00’ if no time zone is determinable.  This is a GNU extension.
‘%::z’
     Numeric time zone to the nearest second with ‘:’ (e.g., ‘-06:00:00’
     or ‘+05:30:00’), or ‘-00:00:00’ if no time zone is determinable.
     This is a GNU extension.
‘%:::z’
     Numeric time zone with ‘:’ using the minimum necessary precision
     (e.g., ‘-06’, ‘+05:30’, or ‘-04:56:02’), or ‘-00’ if no time zone
     is determinable.  This is a GNU extension.
‘%Z’
     alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., ‘EDT’), or nothing if no
     time zone is determinable.  See ‘%z’ for how it is determined.