(octave.info)Table of Output Conversions

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14.2.7 Table of Output Conversions
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Here is a table summarizing what all the different conversions do:

‘%d’, ‘%i’
     Print an integer as a signed decimal number.  Note: Integer
     Conversions, for details.  ‘%d’ and ‘%i’ are synonymous for
     output, but are different when used with ‘scanf’ for input (Note:
     Table of Input Conversions).

‘%o’
     Print an integer as an unsigned octal number.  Note: Integer
     Conversions, for details.

‘%u’
     Print an integer as an unsigned decimal number.  Note: Integer
     Conversions, for details.

‘%x’, ‘%X’
     Print an integer as an unsigned hexadecimal number.  ‘%x’ uses
     lowercase letters and ‘%X’ uses uppercase.  Note: Integer
     Conversions, for details.

‘%f’
     Print a floating-point number in normal (fixed-point) notation.
     Note: Floating-Point Conversions, for details.

‘%e’, ‘%E’
     Print a floating-point number in exponential notation.  ‘%e’ uses
     lowercase letters and ‘%E’ uses uppercase.  Note: Floating-Point
     Conversions, for details.

‘%g’, ‘%G’
     Print a floating-point number in either normal (fixed-point) or
     exponential notation, whichever is more appropriate for its
     magnitude.  ‘%g’ uses lowercase letters and ‘%G’ uses uppercase.
     Note: Floating-Point Conversions, for details.

‘%c’
     Print a single character.  Note: Other Output Conversions.

‘%s’
     Print a string.  Note: Other Output Conversions.

‘%%’
     Print a literal ‘%’ character.  Note: Other Output Conversions.

   If the syntax of a conversion specification is invalid, unpredictable
things will happen, so don’t do this.  In particular, MATLAB allows a
bare percentage sign ‘%’ with no subsequent conversion character.
Octave will emit an error and stop if it sees such code.  When the
string variable to be processed cannot be guaranteed to be free of
potential format codes it is better to use the two argument form of any
of the ‘printf’ functions and set the format string to ‘%s’.
Alternatively, for code which is not required to be backwards-compatible
with MATLAB the Octave function ‘puts’ or ‘disp’ can be used.

     printf (strvar);        # Unsafe if strvar contains format codes
     printf ("%s", strvar);  # Safe
     puts (strvar);          # Safe

   If there aren’t enough function arguments provided to supply values
for all the conversion specifications in the template string, or if the
arguments are not of the correct types, the results are unpredictable.
If you supply more arguments than conversion specifications, the extra
argument values are simply ignored; this is sometimes useful.