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Maxima 5.42.1 Manual
********************

Maxima is a computer algebra system, implemented in Lisp.

   Maxima is derived from the Macsyma system, developed at MIT in the
years 1968 through 1982 as part of Project MAC. MIT turned over a copy
of the Macsyma source code to the Department of Energy in 1982; that
version is now known as DOE Macsyma.  A copy of DOE Macsyma was
maintained by Professor William F. Schelter of the University of Texas
from 1982 until his death in 2001.  In 1998, Schelter obtained
permission from the Department of Energy to release the DOE Macsyma
source code under the GNU Public License, and in 2000 he initiated the
Maxima project at SourceForge to maintain and develop DOE Macsyma, now
called Maxima.

Maxima infrastructure

Introduction to Maxima
Sample Maxima sessions.
Bug Detection and Reporting
Finding and reporting bugs in Maxima.
Help
Asking for help from within a Maxima session.
Command Line
Maxima command line syntax, Input, and Output.
Data Types and Structures
Numbers, Strings, Lists, Arrays, and Structures.
Expressions
Expressions in Maxima.
Operators
Operators used in Maxima expressions.
Evaluation
Evaluating expressions.
Simplification
Simplifying expressions.
Mathematical Functions
Mathematical functions in Maxima.
Maximas Database
Declarations, Contexts, Facts, and Properties.
Plotting
2D and 3D graphical output.
File Input and Output
File input and output.
Support for specific areas of mathematics
Polynomials
Standard forms for polynomials, and
functions operating on them.
Special Functions
Special functions
Elliptic Functions
Elliptic Functions and Integrals
Limits
Limits of expressions.
Differentiation
Differential calculus.
Integration
Integral calculus.
Equations
Defining and solving equations.
Differential Equations
Defining and solving differential equations.
Numerical
Numerical integration, Fourier
transforms, Equations, ODE's, etc.
Matrices and Linear Algebra
Matrix operations.
Affine
itensor
Indicial Tensor Manipulation.
ctensor
Component Tensor Manipulation.
atensor
Algebraic Tensor Manipulation.
Sums Products and Series
Sums, Products, Taylor and power series.
Number Theory
Number theory.
Symmetries
Groups
Abstract algebra.
Advanced facilities and programming
Runtime Environment
Customization of the Maxima environment.
Miscellaneous Options
Options with a global effect on Maxima.
Rules and Patterns
User defined pattern matching and
simplification rules.
Sets
Manipulation of sets.
Function Definition
Defining functions.
Program Flow
Defining Maxima programs.
Debugging
Debugging Maxima programs.
Additional packages
alt-display-pkg
Alternative display package.
asympa-pkg
Asymptotic analysis package.
augmented_lagrangian-pkg
augmented_lagrangian package.
Bernstein-pkg
Bernstein polynomials.
bitwise-pkg
Manipulate bits of integers.
bode-pkg
Bode gain and phase plots.
celine-pkg
Sister Celine's method
clebsch_gordan-pkg
Clebsch-Gordan and Wigner coefficients
cobyla-pkg
Nonlinear optimization with inequality constraints.
combinatorics-pkg
Functions to work with permutations.
contrib_ode-pkg
Additional routines for ODEs
descriptive-pkg
Descriptive statistics.
diag-pkg
Jordan matrices.
distrib-pkg
Probability distributions.
draw-pkg
A Maxima-Gnuplot interface.
drawdf-pkg
Direction fields with Gnuplot.
dynamics-pkg
3D visualization, animations and dynamical systems.
engineering-format-pkg
Display floats as a*10^b with b mod 3 = 0.
ezunits-pkg
Dimensional quantities.
f90-pkg
Maxima to fortran translator.
finance-pkg
Financial package.
fractals-pkg
Fractals.
ggf-pkg
Generating function of sequences.
graphs-pkg
Graph theory package.
grobner-pkg
Functions for working with Groebner bases.
impdiff-pkg
Implicit derivatives.
interpol-pkg
Interpolation package.
lapack-pkg
LAPACK functions for linear algebra.
lbfgs-pkg
L-BFGS unconstrained minimization package.
lindstedt-pkg
Lindstedt package.
linearalgebra-pkg
Functions for linear algebra.
lsquares-pkg
Least squares.
makeOrders-pkg
Polynomial utility.
minpack-pkg
MINPACK functions for minimization and roots
mnewton-pkg
Newton's method.
numericalio-pkg
Reading and writing files.
operatingsystem-pkg
Common operating system tasks (create/remove dirs+files,...).
opsubst-pkg
Substitutions utility.
orthopoly-pkg
Orthogonal polynomials.
ratpow-pkg
Determine the coefficients of polynoms.
romberg-pkg
Romberg method for numerical integration.
simplex-pkg
Linear programming.
simplification-pkg
Simplification rules and functions.
solve_rec-pkg
Linear recurrences.
stats-pkg
Statistical inference package.
stirling-pkg
Stirling formula.
stringproc-pkg
String processing.
to_poly_solve-pkg
to_poly_solve package.
unit-pkg
Units and dimensions package.
wrstcse-pkg
Worstcase calculations for engineering.
zeilberger-pkg
Functions for hypergeometric summation.
Understanding maxima's output
Error and warning messages
Error and warning messages
Index
Function and Variable Index
Index.
 -- The Detailed Node Listing --

Introduction
Introduction to Maxima
Bugs
Bug Detection and Reporting
Help
Documentation
Functions and Variables for Help
Command Line
Introduction to Command Line
Functions and Variables for Command Line
Functions and Variables for Display
Data Types and Structures
Numbers
Strings
Constants
Lists
Arrays
Structures
Expressions
Introduction to Expressions
Nouns and Verbs
Identifiers
Inequality
Functions and Variables for Expressions
Operators
Introduction to operators
Arithmetic operators
Relational operators
Logical operators
Operators for Equations
Assignment operators
User defined operators
Evaluation
Functions and Variables for Evaluation
Simplification
Functions and Variables for Simplification
Mathematical Functions
Functions for Numbers
Functions for Complex Numbers
Combinatorial Functions
Root Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Trigonometric Functions
Random Numbers
Maximas Database
Introduction to Maximas Database
Functions and Variables for Properties
Functions and Variables for Facts
Functions and Variables for Predicates
Plotting
Introduction to Plotting
Plotting Formats
Functions and Variables for Plotting
Plotting Options
Gnuplot Options
Gnuplot_pipes Format Functions
File Input and Output
Comments
Files
Functions and Variables for File Input and Output
Functions and Variables for TeX Output
Functions and Variables for Fortran Output
Polynomials
Introduction to Polynomials
Functions and Variables for Polynomials
Special Functions
Introduction to Special Functions
Bessel Functions
Airy Functions
Gamma and factorial Functions
Exponential Integrals
Error Function
Struve Functions
Hypergeometric Functions
Parabolic Cylinder Functions
Functions and Variables for Special Functions
Elliptic Functions
Introduction to Elliptic Functions and Integrals
Functions and Variables for Elliptic Functions
Functions and Variables for Elliptic Integrals
Limits
Functions and Variables for Limits
Differentiation
Functions and Variables for Differentiation
Integration
Introduction to Integration
Functions and Variables for Integration
Equations
Functions and Variables for Equations
Differential Equations
Introduction to Differential Equations
Functions and Variables for Differential Equations
Numerical
Introduction to fast Fourier transform
Functions and Variables for fast Fourier transform
Functions for numerical solution of equations
Introduction to numerical solution of differential equations
Functions for numerical solution of differential equations
Matrices and Linear Algebra
Introduction to Matrices and Linear Algebra
Dot
Vectors
eigen
Functions and Variables for Matrices and Linear Algebra
Affine
Introduction to Affine
Functions and Variables for Affine
itensor
Introduction to itensor
Functions and Variables for itensor
ctensor
Introduction to ctensor
Functions and Variables for ctensor
atensor
Introduction to atensor
Functions and Variables for atensor
Sums, Products, and Series
Functions and Variables for Sums and Products
Introduction to Series
Functions and Variables for Series
Introduction to Fourier series
Functions and Variables for Fourier series
Number Theory
Functions and Variables for Number Theory
Symmetries
Introduction to Symmetries
Functions and Variables for Symmetries
Groups
Functions and Variables for Groups
Runtime Environment
Introduction for Runtime Environment
Interrupts
Functions and Variables for Runtime Environment
Miscellaneous Options
Introduction to Miscellaneous Options
Share
Functions and Variables for Miscellaneous Options
Rules and Patterns
Introduction to Rules and Patterns
Functions and Variables for Rules and Patterns
Sets
Introduction to Sets
Functions and Variables for Sets
Function Definition
Introduction to Function Definition
Function
Macros
Functions and Variables for Function Definition
Program Flow
Lisp and Maxima
Garbage Collection
Introduction to Program Flow
Functions and Variables for Program Flow
Debugging
Functions and Variables for Debugging
alt-display
Introduction to alt-display
Functions and Variables for alt-display
asympa
Introduction to asympa
Functions and variables for asympa
augmented_lagrangian
Functions and Variables for augmented_lagrangian
Bernstein
Functions and Variables for Bernstein
Bitwise
Functions and Variables for bitwise
bode
Functions and Variables for bode
clebsch_gordan
Functions and Variables for clebsch_gordan
cobyla
Introduction to cobyla
Functions and Variables for cobyla
Examples for cobyla
combinatorics
Package combinatorics
Functions and Variables for Combinatorics
contrib_ode
Introduction to contrib_ode
Functions and Variables for contrib_ode
Possible improvements to contrib_ode
Test cases for contrib_ode
References for contrib_ode
descriptive
Introduction to descriptive
Functions and Variables for data manipulation
Functions and Variables for descriptive statistics
Functions and Variables for statistical graphs
diag
Functions and Variables for diag
distrib
Introduction to distrib
Functions and Variables for continuous distributions
Functions and Variables for discrete distributions
draw
Introduction to draw
Functions and Variables for draw
Functions and Variables for pictures
Functions and Variables for worldmap
drawdf
Introduction to drawdf
Functions and Variables for drawdf
dynamics
The dynamics package
Graphical analysis of discrete dynamical systems
Visualization with VTK
ezunits
Introduction to ezunits
Introduction to physical_constants
Functions and Variables for ezunits
f90
Package f90
finance
Introduction to finance
Functions and Variables for finance
fractals
Introduction to fractals
Definitions for IFS fractals
Definitions for complex fractals
Definitions for Koch snowflakes
Definitions for Peano maps
ggf
Functions and Variables for ggf
graphs
Introduction to graphs
Functions and Variables for graphs
grobner
Introduction to grobner
Functions and Variables for grobner
impdiff
Functions and Variables for impdiff
interpol
Introduction to interpol
Functions and Variables for interpol
lapack
Introduction to lapack
Functions and Variables for lapack
lbfgs
Introduction to lbfgs
Functions and Variables for lbfgs
lindstedt
Functions and Variables for lindstedt
linearalgebra
Introduction to linearalgebra
Functions and Variables for linearalgebra
lsquares
Introduction to lsquares
Functions and Variables for lsquares
makeOrders
Functions and Variables for makeOrders
minpack
Introduction to minpack
Functions and Variables for minpack
mnewton
Introduction to mnewton
Functions and Variables for mnewton
numericalio
Introduction to numericalio
Functions and Variables for plain-text input and output
Functions and Variables for binary input and output
operatingsystem
Introduction to operatingsystem
Directory operations
Environment operations
opsubst
Functions and Variables for opsubst
orthopoly
Introduction to orthogonal polynomials
Functions and Variables for orthogonal polynomials
ratpow
Functions and Variables for ratpow
romberg
Functions and Variables for romberg
simplex
Introduction to simplex
Functions and Variables for simplex
simplification
Introduction to simplification
Package absimp
Package facexp
Package functs
Package ineq
Package rducon
Package scifac
Package sqdnst
solve_rec
Introduction to solve_rec
Functions and Variables for solve_rec
stats
Introduction to stats
Functions and Variables for inference_result
Functions and Variables for stats
Functions and Variables for special distributions
stirling
Functions and Variables for stirling
stringproc
Introduction to String Processing
Input and Output
Characters
String Processing
Octets and Utilities for Cryptography
to_poly_solve
Functions and Variables for to_poly_solve
unit
Introduction to Units
Functions and Variables for Units
zeilberger
Introduction to zeilberger
Functions and Variables for zeilberger
Understanding maxima's output
Error messages
Warning messages

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